Everything about Albert Claude totally explained
Albert Claude (
August 24 1899 –
May 22 1983) was a
Belgian biologist who won the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in
1974. He studied medicine at the
University of Liege (Belgium). During the winter of 1928-29 he worked in
Berlin, first at the Institut für Krebsforschung, and then at the
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology,
Dahlem. In the summer of
1929 he joined the Rockefeller Institute. While working at
Rockefeller University in the 1930s and 1940s, he used the
electron microscope to make images of
cells which deepened the scientific understanding of cellular structure and function. He also developed a method for
differential centrifugation, which separates cellular components based on their density.
In 1930, Claude discovered the process of
cell fractionation, which was groundbreaking in his time. The process consists of grinding up cells to break the membrane and release the cell's contents. Claude then filtered out the cell membranes and placed the remaining cell contents in a
centrifuge to separate them according to mass. He divided the centrifuged contents into fractions, each of a specific mass, and discovered that particular fractions were responsible for particular cell functions.
In 1970, together with
George Palade and
Keith Porter he was awarded the
Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from
Columbia University. For his discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of cells, Claude received the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he shared with his student
George Palade and
Christian de Duve.
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